Hydraulic Fracturing 101
Hydraulic fracturing (aka fracking) stimulates wells drilled into geologic formations, making profitable otherwise prohibitively expensive extraction.
Issues
The Initiative for Responsible Mining Assurance
IRMA is a multi-sector initiative that offers independent, third-party auditing and transparency at mine sites using its 400+ page standard.
Gravel Packing
Gravel packing is a sand-control method used to prevent the production of formation sand. Gravel packing is used in conjunction …
Gathering Pipelines
Gathering pipelines move gas and oil from drilling sites to processing plants, refineries, and transmission and distribution pipelines. The Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) estimates that there are 240,000 miles of onshore gathering lines nationwide, but the rapid growth in domestic oil and gas production means there could be much more than that.
Gas Storage
Natural gas consumption changes based upon economic conditions, weather, and price. To ensure adequate supply, utilities keep reserves in Underground Natural Gas Storage (UNGS) facilities. These include depleted oil and gas fields converted water aquifers old salt caverns.
Forced Pooling
“Forced Pooling” is the mandatory consolidation of leased and unleased minerals to access one common underground mineral reserve. Also known …
Distribution Pipelines
Distribution pipelines are small lines that represent the final link in the chain of oil and gas development. They move petroleum and gas products from final transportation points along large transmission pipelines to homes, businesses, and industrial facilities.