Findings
In September 2026, Earthworks conducted 52 surveys of 44 oil and gas facilities in Germany and the Netherlands, including Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) terminals, compressor stations and gas processing facilities, gas storage facilities, oil production facilities, and a number of oil refineries. Hydrocarbon emissions were documented during 17 of 52 surveys and at 13 of the 44 facilities, including at all LNG terminals, 1/3 of compressor stations and gas storage facilities, and at both oil refineries. In some cases, these emissions were the result of routine practices and activities, such as the onsite combustion of gas in engines. In other cases, the emissions indicate possible noncompliance with air quality regulations requiring proper maintenance and prohibiting certain activities such as venting.
Overall, our findings highlight both the persistence and pervasiveness of hydrocarbon pollution throughout the oil and gas supply chain.